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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2013.29.1.art00051_2</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20130101)2013:2L.472;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2013n2/splitsection51.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2013/00002013/00000002/art00051</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Industrial printed Seed-Layer for Front Side Metallization of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Buerklin</surname>
            <given-names>Uwe</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2013</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>472</fpage>
      <lpage>475</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>An industrial scale ink-jet and light induced plating (LIP) based front side metallization process for crystalline silicon solar cells is presented. Via Schmid ink-jet printer &#x201C;NanoJet&#x201D; a &lt; 1&#x3BC;m thin seed layer is printed that opens the isolating SiNx antireflective
 layer and creates a metal contact from cell surface to cell by burn-in in a high temperature furnace. Via LIP, a highly conductive silver layer is grown on the printed areas.Following this strategy, fine finger lines with a width of 30-35&#x3BC;m after printing and 50-55&#x3BC;m after plating
 on mono- and poly-crystalline silicon cells were deposited. This lead to a 20% reduction of silver consumption and a gain of 0.3%<sub>abs</sub> of cell efficiency compared to standard screen printing process.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
