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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2011.27.1.art00071_2</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20110101)2011:2L.682;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2011n2/splitsection71.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2011/00002011/00000002/art00071</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Staggered and Dual-Channel Barcodes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Simske</surname>
            <given-names>Steven J.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Adams</surname>
            <given-names>Guy</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Aronoff</surname>
            <given-names>Jason S.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Sturgill</surname>
            <given-names>Margaret</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Vans</surname>
            <given-names>Marie</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2011</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>682</fpage>
      <lpage>685</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>We have previously described the printing of information in 2D color (or &#x201C;3D&#x201D;) barcodes for subsequent reading with scanners and/or mobile cameras. In this paper, we describe how color tiles can be used in different aggregations (single tiles, 2&#xD7;2 pairings of tiles,
 3&#xD7;3 pairings of tiles, etc.) to provide data that is readable by a wide array of imaging devices. High-end devices such as scanners and line cameras will accurately read each individual (small) module, or tile, in the barcode, while less expensive cameras, such as cameras in mobile phones,
 will only be able to accurately read clusters of the tiles (e.g. 2&#xD7;2 module &#x201C;aggregations&#x201D;) at a time. We address this by using a novel type of error-correcting code, the CET (chroma-enhancing tile), which reduces the payload density by 25% for a 2&#xD7;2 pairing, but allows
 2&#xD7;2 pairings to reliably map to the same set of colors&#x2014;usually {RGBCMY}&#x2014;as the original (single) modules. This makes the color barcodes readable to a wide array of imaging devices.In addition, we describe in this paper how the use of three or more colors&#x2014;optimally
 the six colors {RGBCMY}&#x2014;enables a &#x201C;dual-channel&#x201D; authentication approach, with a second novel type of error-correcting code&#x2014;the color-multiplicity-to-color-axis mapping (CMCAM)&#x2014;enabling a different interpretation of the colors in the barcodes to suit the color
 capabilities of the imaging device. Our data show that, in some cases, authentication with a CMCAM-reduced palette can actually increase payload density for some imaging devices.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
