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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2009.25.1.art00012_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20090101)2009:1L.32;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2009n1/splitsection12.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2009/00002009/00000001/art00012</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Comparison between De-agglomerated and Traditional Fumed Silica External Additives and Their Performance in Toner Formulations</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Amano</surname>
            <given-names>Yuki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Naito</surname>
            <given-names>Naohiro</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hasenzahl</surname>
            <given-names>Steffen</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Johnson</surname>
            <given-names>Robert</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2009</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2009</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>32</fpage>
      <lpage>34</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>De-agglomerated hydrophobized fumed silica is compared to corresponding traditional agglomerated fumed silica as an external additive for electrophotographic toners. The first finding is that the Tribo-Electrostatic Charge (T-ESC) of toner treated with de-agglomerated silica is as strong
 as that with traditional silica after agitation. Charge distribution analysis however indicates faster charge-up for de-agglomerated silica. These characteristics apply for both milled conventional toner and chemically produced toner and are explained by the superior dispersibility of de-agglomerated
 silica. The shelf-life (storage stability) was also tested and demonstrated that de-agglomerated silica maintained performance under normal appropriate storage conditions.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
