Over the last two decades there has been a continuous increase in the variety of types of digital printheads (industrial inkjet printheads from various suppliers, laser diode arrays, LED arrays, thermal inkjet printheads etc) and the variety of print systems that embody these printheads has also diversified into many new industrial applications. In the early years each printer required a unique custom development of electronics and software, as is still the case for mass-produced printers today. However, recent developments in IT technology and communications standards now make it possible to use a “universal printhead controller” to control any printhead type used in most industrial and commercial applications. This possibility of universal printhead control electronics will catalyze the expansion of digital printing (particularly piezo inkjet printing) into new industrial markets and is therefore of great interest to many at IS&T. This presentation explains the challenges of print engine design and the recent changes in electronic technology that make a universal architecture practical.