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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2007.23.1.art00052_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20070101)2007:1L.213;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2007n1/splitsection52.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2007/00002007/00000001/art00052</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Toner Charging Effect by CCA particles at the interface between Toner and Carrier</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Suka</surname>
            <given-names>Atsushi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Takeuchi</surname>
            <given-names>Manabu</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Suganami</surname>
            <given-names>Keiki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Oguchi</surname>
            <given-names>Toshihiko</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2007</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>213</fpage>
      <lpage>216</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Three toner-carrier combinations were prepared by using a styrene-acryl (St-Ac) model toner and three types of ferrite carriers (having an electron accepting, a neutral, or an electron donating coating on its surface). Six types of CCAs (Charge control agent) were externally added to
 the interface between the toner and carrier. The amount of toner charge q/m generated in each combination that contained the same amount of CCA was measured by a blow-off method and compared with the amount of toner charge q<sub>0</sub>/m generated in the same combination that contained no
 CCA. By adding six types of CCA, the difference of the amount of toner charge &#x394;q/m (= q/m &#x2212; q<sub>0</sub>/m) increases linearly with the increase of the Electron-donating Coordinate (EDC) that is determined by the amount of blow-off charge q<sub>0</sub>/m. Six &#x394;q/m-EDC characteristic
 curves obtained by the addition of six types of CCA shift toward the positive charging region with the increase of the positive charge impartation capability of the added CCA. The zero-point-of-charge-shift (zpcs) value, which is defined as the EDC value at &#x394;q/m = 0 in the &#x394;q/m-EDC
 characteristic curve, decreased with the increase of positive charge impartation capability of the CCA. Using the above results, the role of CCA particles in the toner/carrier interface was correlated to the EDC value of the carrier from a viewpoint of electron-donating (or electron-accepting)
 characteristics between toner/carrier, toner/CCA and carrier/CCA interfaces.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
