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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2006.22.2.art00055_3</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20060101)2006:3L.183;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2006n3/splitsection55.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2006/00002006/00000003/art00055</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Digital Printing of Optical Components</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hayes</surname>
            <given-names>Donald J.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Chen</surname>
            <given-names>Ting</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Wallace</surname>
            <given-names>David</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2006</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>183</fpage>
      <lpage>186</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2006</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The use of direct write micro-printing for opto-electronic packaging is being accepted as a key enabling technology, specifically printing microlenses for optical interconnects and solders for electrical interconnects. This paper presents these two areas where micro-printing technology
 benefits opto-electronic packaging. For increasing light coupling efficiency, a microlens array is actively aligned and attached to a VCSEL array and photodiode array in smart pixel technology. A microlens array is also directly integrated with a VCSEL array in a wafer level fabrication. Solder
 jet is used for either bumping the VCSEL die or for directly connecting the VCSEL die with circuits on a substrate. By using micro-printing, components can have less part-count and smaller package size. The labor required for conventional optical alignment can be greatly reduced. Thus this
 technical advancement offers also cost effectiveness in manufacturing.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
