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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2006.22.1.art00042_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20060101)2006:1L.169;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2006n1/splitsection42.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2006/00002006/00000001/art00042</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tribo-Charging Characteristics on Pulverized Toner Particles in Two-Component Developer</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Nakamura</surname>
            <given-names>Youichi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Terao</surname>
            <given-names>Yutaka</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2006</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>169</fpage>
      <lpage>171</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2006</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Tribo-charging characteristics on toner in a two-component developer are affected by various factors such as material component, shape, and methods of tribo-charging or measuring. A negative yellow type of pulverized toner is used as a sample, and the material is based on bisphenol
 A and polyester resin. Tribo-charging treatment is performed by using a developed mixing shaker with arm length of 200 mm. Charge to mass ratio q/m is measured by the E-SPART method. From the experimental results, it is shown that the q/m varies unstably and fluctuates with shaking time within
 5 min, but the q/m changes gradually to a constant value of &#x2212;13.5 &#x3BC;C/g at 20 min after 4 min for the 5 wt% of toner concentration. In order to investigate the change of the q/m, the observation via SEM on toner particles after the shaking treatment is performed. The q/m dependence
 on toner concentration from 1 wt% to 10 wt% in the developer is also reported.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
