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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00007_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20030101)2003:1L.18;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2003n1/splitsection7.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2003/00002003/00000001/art00007</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Measurements and Analyses of Toner Motion in the Development Process</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hirabayashi</surname>
            <given-names>Jun</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2003</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2003</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>18</fpage>
      <lpage>21</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This report presents a study of the measurements and analyses of toner motion in the development process. By employing a laser sheet visualization technique, toner motions around the spaced single-component development system can be measured. In addition, some quantifying analyses of
 toner motion were conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). In addition to these analyses, the analyzing method of &#x201C;toner trace tracking&#x201D; is introduced. This method calculates the virtual toner trace from the velocity map obtained
 from PIV results. The quantified toner traces have allowed us to compare measurements and calculations, and obtain more accurate model calculations.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
