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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00032_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20030101)2003:1L.134;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2003n1/splitsection32.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2003/00002003/00000001/art00032</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Toner Characteristics and Xero Interactive Performance of EA Particles with Specific External Additives</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Suzuki</surname>
            <given-names>Chiaki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Takagi</surname>
            <given-names>Masahiro</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Inoue</surname>
            <given-names>Satoshi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Ishiyama</surname>
            <given-names>Takao</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Ishida</surname>
            <given-names>Haruhide</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Aoki</surname>
            <given-names>Takayoshi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2003</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2003</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>134</fpage>
      <lpage>137</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Small particle size of silica and titanium oxide as external additives for toner have been used to control toner flow and charging characteristics.Recently, in order to meet high priority requirements, such as better image quality and the highest possible reliability, color toner
 size is getting smaller, and is being covered with highly loaded additives. As the process speed increases, the developer including the toner and carrier, is required to exhibit corresponding developability, transfer, cleaning and fusing characteristics.It is very difficult to maintain
 high transfer and cleaning performance of spherical toner with small external additives.We developed EA (emulsion aggregation) color toner containing at least substantially spherical silica fine particles having a size of 100nm to 150nm and a narrow size distribution. This EA toner exhibits
 satisfactory fluidity, high transfer efficiency and cleanability while retaining environmental stability and durability. The developer does not cause any toner filming on the surface of a photoreceptor and or on the surface of a carrier.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
