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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2003.19.1.art00021_1</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20030101)2003:1L.79;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2003n1/splitsection21.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2003/00002003/00000001/art00021</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Conductive Toner Cloud Confinement Using the Cone Shape of Dented Electrode</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kiatkamjornwong</surname>
            <given-names>Suda</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Sripho</surname>
            <given-names>Witchanikul</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hoshino</surname>
            <given-names>Yasushi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2003</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2003</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>79</fpage>
      <lpage>85</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Control of toner movement is an important parameter in the development of digital printing, which uses toner. The conductive toner has possibilities of new, simple printing mechanism. The conductive toner particles were sprayed onto the lower electrode. An electric field was applied
 between the two electrodes. The toner moved up and down between the two electrodes by electrostatic force. When the cone shape of the dented electrode replaced the lower plate, conductive toner particles were confined in the dented electrode. This research studied the toner confinement conditions
 required to form a toner cloud state using the cone shaped dented electrode. We found that the depth of cone-shaped, dented lower electrode, the resistivity of conductive toner and applied voltage between the electrodes are the influencing factors that determine the optimum size of toner cloud
 confinement and the toner jumping current. The deeper cone shaped, dented electrode reduces the size of the toner cloud confinement and the required toner jumping current. A high resistivity toner produces a larger size toner cloud and decreases the toner jumping current. When a greater amount
 of toner is placed into the electrode, a larger size toner cloud and greater toner jumping current are obtained. A higher applied voltage reduces the size of the toner cloud and increases the toner jumping current.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
