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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2001.17.1.art00069_2</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20010101)2001:2L.748;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2001n2/splitsection69.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2001/00002001/00000002/art00069</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A New Type of Display for Electric Paper Using Fine Particles Dispersed in the Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Toko</surname>
            <given-names>Yasuo</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Iwakura</surname>
            <given-names>Yasushi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kohrin</surname>
            <given-names>Yutaka</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hayakawa</surname>
            <given-names>Tetsuya</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Takahashi</surname>
            <given-names>Taiju</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2001</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2001</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>748</fpage>
      <lpage>751</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2001</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>We propose a novel display mode, which is called a Mobile Fine Particle Display (MFPD) with liquid crystal. In the MFPD cell, the fine particles are doped and dispersed within the nematic liquid crystal. The positions of the fine particles can be controlled by the direction of an applied
 electric field, which is DC field or AC field adjusted by applying DC, for obtaining optical changes in MFPD cell.The MFPD shows excellent paper-like-display characteristics such as a high reflective ratio (approximately 50%), a high contrast ratio (more than 15), and a wide viewing angle.
 In addition, MFPD can rewrite when electric field is applied and sustain displayed information without electric field for a long time (over one month). These performances of the MFPD indicate that this new-type display is rather suitable for electric paper displays.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
