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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2000.16.1.art00079_2</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(20000101)2000:2L.736;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v2000n2/splitsection79.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/2000/00002000/00000002/art00079</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Traveling Wave Transport of Conductive Toner Particles</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Kober</surname>
            <given-names>Ralph</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2000</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2000</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>736</fpage>
      <lpage>739</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Recent experiments by the author revealed that the transport of conductive, magnetic toner on a traveling wave device significantly differs from that of insulating toner. The major difference results from a critical frequency at which the direction of particle transport reverses.In
 this paper the traveling wave transport of conductive toner is studied in detail. Toner conveyors with a grid ranging from 10 lpi to 83.3 lpi are used for the experiments. Three toners of different conductivity and particle size are examined. It is shown that the motion of highly conductive
 toner particles can be affected by higher harmonics of the applied voltages. Thereby, the toner might travel faster than the fundamental of the electrostatic wave. This effect appears at low velocities only.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
