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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1999.15.1.art00077_2</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(19990101)1999:2L.675;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v1999n2/splitsection77.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/1999/00001999/00000002/art00077</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effect of Ambient Gases on the Charge Acceptance of Cu-phthalocyanine/polymer Single Layer Photoreceptors</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Seino</surname>
            <given-names>Kuniki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Ebisu</surname>
            <given-names>Osamu</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>1999</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1999</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>675</fpage>
      <lpage>678</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The charge acceptance of single layer organic photoreceptors consisting of &#x3B1;-type Cu-phthalocyanine pigments and hydrazone charge transport materials dispersed in thermo-setting acrylic polymer is found to decrease when the surface is exposed to ambient NO<sub>X</sub> gas. The
 electronic surface properties of the photoreceptors are investigated by treating the surface with HNO<sub>3</sub> aqueous solutions and by measuring the applied voltage-current characteristics. Internal photo-emission experiments determine the energy-level relationship between metal electrodes
 and the photoreceptors. The hole injection from the treated surface can be attributed to the adsorption of acceptor ions at the surface. The improvement of charge acceptance based on this conclusion is suggested.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
