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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010410</journal-id>
      <journal-title>NIP &amp; Digital Fabrication Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>nip digi fabric conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2169-4451</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00069_2</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2169-4451(19980101)1998:2L.623;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">nip_v1998n2/splitsection69.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/nipdf/1998/00001998/00000002/art00069</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Theory and Practice of a Small Toner-Charge-Spectrometer</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>K&#xFC;ttner</surname>
            <given-names>Andreas</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Epping</surname>
            <given-names>Reinhold H.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hess</surname>
            <given-names>Reinhold</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Hackenberg</surname>
            <given-names>Matthias G.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>1998</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1998</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>623</fpage>
      <lpage>626</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>At the IS&amp;T- NIP11 conference 95 in Hilton Head, South Carolina we made a short introduction of the concept of our new <italic>q-test</italic> machine. The device is a small low cost &#x2018;toner charge spectrometer&#x2019;, which is easy to handle with good reproducibility. Now this machine
 is available with a microscope scanning unit and analysis software. The inhomogeneous geometry of the electric field and the airflow in the measurement cell leads to some advantages in handling the measurement and to the results in the area of toner charge and diameter, but makes a complex
 calculation necessary. First results will show the reproducibility of the unit and make a direct comparison to other charge spectrometers (e.g. <italic>q/d-meter</italic>) possible.The device is not only designed for the R&amp;D department, even the quality control can have a quick and easy proof
 of the q/d distribution of the powder.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
