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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010350</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Color and Imaging Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>color imaging conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2166-9635</issn><issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society for Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2020.28.33</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2166-9635(20201104)2020:28L.210;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">s34.phd</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/cic/2020/00002020/00000028/art00034</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Optimal Text-background Lightness Combination for Enhancing Visual Clarity Using a Head-up Display under Different Surround Conditions</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Huang</surname>
            <given-names>Hsin-Pou</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Wei</surname>
            <given-names>Minchen</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Li</surname>
            <given-names>Hung-Chung</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Ou</surname>
            <given-names>Li-Chen</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>04</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2020</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2020</volume>
      <issue>28</issue>
      <fpage>210</fpage>
      <lpage>214</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Head-up displays (HUDs) can be used under various surround conditions ranging from extremely dark to very bright environments such as daylight. Many head-up displays are designed to enhance visual clarity by adjusting the brightness of the display. However, few studies aim to investigate
 the impacts of the text-background lightness combination of a head-up display to the visibility as the lighting level of the driving condition changes dramatically. In the study, thirteen observers assess the visual clarity of 20 textbackground lightness combinations on a head-up display with
 paired comparisons method under a dark and a daylight surround (i.e., 15000 lx) conditions. As a result, the combination of white text with a black background and the black text with a white background presents the significant preference and the best visual clarity under the dark and the daylight
 surround conditions, respectively.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>HEAD-UP DISPLAY</kwd>
        <kwd>VISUAL CLARITY</kwd>
        <kwd>ILLUMINANCE LEVELS</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
