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<article article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="aggregator">72010350</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Color and Imaging Conference</journal-title>
      <abbrev-journal-title>color imaging conf</abbrev-journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2166-9635</issn><issn pub-type="epub"/>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Society of Imaging Science and Technology</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151, USA</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2352/CIC.2009.17.1.art00045</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="sici">2166-9635(20090101)2009:1L.242;1-</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cic_v2009n1/splitsection45.xml</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">/ist/cic/2009/00002009/00000001/art00045</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Combining visible and near-infrared images for realistic skin smoothing</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Fredembach</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#xE9;ment</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbuscia</surname>
            <given-names>Nathalie</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib>
          <name>
            <surname>S&#xFC;sstrunk</surname>
            <given-names>Sabine</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <day>01</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2009</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2009</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>242</fpage>
      <lpage>247</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Skin tone images, portraits in particular, are of tremendous importance in digital photography, but a number of factors, such as pigmentation irregularities (e.g., moles, freckles), irritation, roughness, or wrinkles can reduce their appeal. Moreover, such &#x201C;defects&#x201D; are
 oftentimes enhanced by lighting conditions, e.g., when a flash is used.Starting with the observations that melanin and hemoglobin, the key components of skin colour, have little absorption in the near-infrared part of the spectrum, and that the depth of light penetration in the epidermis
 is proportional to the incident light's wavelength, we propose that near-infrared images provide information that can be used to automatically smooth skin tones in a physically realistic manner.Specifically, we develop a framework that consists of capturing a pair of visible/near-infrared
 images and separating both of them into base and detail layers (akin to a low/high frequency decomposition) with the fast bilateral filter. We show that a smooth, realistic, output image can be obtained by fusing the base layer of the visible image with the near-infrared detail layer. This
 method not only outperforms equivalent decomposition in the wavelet domain, but the results also look more realistic than with a simple luminance transfer. Moreover, the proposed method delivers consistently good results across various skin types.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
